The article examines one quodlibet of thomas of sutton (c. 1287 a. d.) and compares it with a quodlibet of william of ockham (d. 1349 a. d.). both attack the position of henry of ghent on the distinction between essence and existence. and both reach opposite conclusions. thomas of sutton argued that the distinction is a real one, while ockham saw it only as nominal and connotative. the opposing views stem from different epistemologies and different metaphysics.

Efficient causality -- Final causality -- Knowledge of the self and God -- The divine ideas -- The via moderna.